| Localization |
Localization is the process of organizing and managing the public sector so that its main objectives and results are achieved at the local level across the national territory by ensuring that government services are provided in an inclusive, efficient, and accountable manner in a way that reflects differences in local conditions and responds to the needs and priorities of constituents in specific locations. |
| Local governance institution |
Local governance institution is a general term to refer to any type of devolved, non-devolved, or hybrid local governance body or entity (regardless of whether it meets the definition of a ‘local government’). |
| Local government |
A local government is a corporate body (or institutional unit) that performs one or more public sector functions within a local jurisdiction and that has adequate political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy and authority to respond to the needs and priorities of its constituents. |
| Local public sector |
The local public sector is the part of the public sector that interacts with citizens, civil society and the private sector in a localized manner: it is where residents and businesses receive services from the public sector and where citizens regularly interact with public servants and government oƯicials. As such, the distinguishing feature of being part of the “local public sector” is not the legal or organizational status of a public entity that interacts with the community, but rather, whether the primary objective of the public entity or institutional unit is to interact with the public within a local setting, in terms of providing public services, regulation, public information, and so on.
One of the most common ways for the public sector to interact with people at the local level is through elected local governments. When local government officials are responsive to the needs of their constituents, devolution can increase the responsiveness, effectiveness and accountability of the public sector.
For instance, in many countries, local administrative units or local departments of central line ministries provide public services in a ‘deconcentrated’ manner. In addition, central authorities often provide grants or subsidies.
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